The American Daughters

Starred review from November 13, 2023
Ruffin (The Ones Who Don’t Say They Love You) sets his potent latest in pre–Civil War New Orleans, where an enslaved girl joins a secret resistance movement run by women. Ady is raised by her mother, Sanite, who came of age in a runaway settlement deep in the forests and swamps of Louisiana and teaches Ady basic survival skills such as hunting, planting, and foraging healing herbs. She’s seven when they are sold to John du Marche and forced to work at his townhouse, and a preteen when Sanite dies from yellow fever, leaving Ady lonely, scared, and confused until she meets Lenore, the young free African American woman who owns the Mockingbird Inn, an integrated establishment in the French Quarter. There, Ady experiences a facsimile of freedom along with a burgeoning friendship with Lenore, who hires her to work at the inn during hours when she’s not expected by du Marche. After a dramatic incident involving a slave hunter’s visit to the Mockingbird, Ady learns that Lenore has been hiding a secret: the Mockingbird is a cover for a web of women engaging in espionage and violent resistance against slavery. Ruffin’s dignified prose and focus on the bonds of women of color help elevate the novel from the tropes of slavery narratives, and he paints a vibrant picture of antebellum New Orleans. Readers won’t be able to resist this stirring story of freedom by any means necessary. Agent: PJ Mark, Janklow & Nesbit Assoc.

Starred review from January 1, 2024
An enslaved Black girl in antebellum New Orleans joins a female spy network against the Confederates. The impulse toward freedom is ingrained in Ady, born in slavery to her mother Sanite, who spent part of her own childhood in a runaways' settlement. When Ady is 10, she and her mother are sold to the vulpine John du Marche, who's living his best 1850s life as a decadent businessman and political insider in the French Quarter. Sanite provides her daughter with a taste of freedom as they escape from du Marche, making camp in the outlying woods. It isn't long before they're returned to their master and Sanite dies from scarlet fever. Ady's customary high spirits are laid low by grief, melancholy, and fear until she becomes friends with another African American she at first knows only as "the Free Woman." Lenore owns a racially integrated establishment in the French Quarter called the Mockingbird Inn, with "the strong pleasant scent" of "lemons, sawdust, cloves, beer, and warm bread." Inspired by seeing Lenore compel a gang of slave hunters to leave the Mockingbird, Ady seeks employment there as a helper on those occasions when she can get away from du Marche's manse. She soon learns that Lenore and other women are working as a far-flung spy network to subvert the emerging Confederacy. Ady later finds out that the network has a name: "the Daughters." ("In honor of our mothers," Lenore tells her.) As Ady and the other "Daughters" covertly wreak havoc in various ways, the novel becomes all at once a high adventure, a revealing history, and a chronicle of one woman's self-realization. Ruffin also displays some of the cunning imagination and caustic wit he showed in his previous work--most recently We Cast a Shadow (2019)--by interspersing his narrative with imagined transcripts from the past, present, and even the future. Black women as agents--literally--of their own liberation. Who wouldn't be inspired?

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Starred review from February 1, 2024
Ruffin, author of the terrifying racial dystopia We Cast a Shadow (2019), re-creates the slave narrative in this imaginative Civil War-era meta novel. Ady, an enslaved young girl, has been sold along with her mother, Sanite, to planter John Du Marche. Sanite is a woman of ingenious talents skilled in carpentry, fishing, herbalism, orienteering, and combat, which become increasingly necessary survival skills as she and Ady make various attempts to escape. Recaptured and separated from her mother and her baby brother Emmanuel, Ady finds herself trapped in "the open-air prison of New Orleans," where she discovers the free colored Creole aristocracy. Invited to work at the Mockingbird, an inn run by the coy and mysterious Lenore, Ady is gradually drawn into the American Daughters, an underground network of Black women and girls working to undermine the Confederacy from within. As her relationship with Lenore deepens, Ady must decide whether to devote her life to the sisterhood's mission and fulfill her mother's destiny. Ruffin creates added resonance with "historical" documents: bills of sale, "wanted" posters, research reports, and a poignant interview with the elderly Emmanuel, who was never able to reconnect with his lost family. A sobering yet liberatory portrayal of American slavery and of the courage, determination, and intelligence required to survive it.

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July 26, 2024

This first historical novel from Ruffin (author of the Story Prize-longlisted collection The Ones Who Don't Say They Love You) introduces readers to Sanite and her daughter Ady, both enslaved by a heartless New Orleans businessman but sustained by their fierce love for one another. After an unsuccessful run for freedom and Sanite's death, a crushed Ady finds community at a local tavern run by a charismatic young free Black woman named Lenore. Ady grows closer to Lenore and is eventually entrusted with the secrets of a sisterhood determined to undermine the Confederacy at every turn, but Ady fears what may happen if her enslaver discovers their seditious plans. Ady's journey from frightened child to empowered heroine is a gripping one, and Ruffin adds further interest to his story by interspersing passages throughout that frame Ady as a folk hero whose narrative has been shaped by many different authors with different intentions. VERDICT This thought-provoking novel will be a great conversation starter for book groups, both as compelling historical fiction and as an exploration of the role stories play in resistance movements.--Mara Bandy Fass

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